Although the design of these structures is primarily based on the recent local or international seismic building codes, the designer-specified constructions’ execution in the field still remains a challenge in developing countries, which is resulting in substandard and vulnerable building stock. However, the majority of these building stocks is lying in areas of high seismic hazard, which may be subjected to moderate-to-large damaging earthquakes in future. It is primarily due to the abundant availability of concrete constituent materials and ease of construction of reinforced concrete buildings. The socioeconomic uplift of urban areas in many developing countries has necessitated the use of reinforced concrete constructions, particularly for schools, hospitals, shopping malls, and apartment buildings. Available building damage-to-loss factors were employed to transform structural damages to repair cost ratio, which were correlated with seismic intensity (repair cost ratio versus seismic intensity) to derive the seismic vulnerability curve, which may be used for the direct economic loss estimation of the considered frame building typology. Seismic fragility functions were derived using a probabilistic-based methodology, which may be used for global damageability assessment of the considered frame building typology. The frames were analyzed through incremental dynamic analyses. Numerical frame models were prepared in finite element-based program SeismoStruct and calibrated against experimental tests. A uniform damage scale was developed for global performance assessment of considered deficient RC frames, listing average estimate of limit states’ drifts and base shear coefficients, with measured uncertainty, and describing frame damage condition. The models’ damage mechanisms were studied, and the seismic response in terms of floor acceleration and floor displacement was retrieved. The models were subjected to the natural accelerogram of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and tested under multiple scaled excitations until the models attained incipient collapse state. Shake table tests were performed on three two-story 1 : 3 reduced scale RC frame structures, representative of buildings with construction deficiencies in Pakistan.
0 kommentar(er)
